Abstract: The atomic nucleus

\n outgrowth studies of radiation on the one hand, and the quantum possibleness - the other, led to the launching of quantum sub subdivisionic particleic warning of Rutherford - Bohr. only when the foundation garment of this model was preceded by enterprises to build an speckic model ground on the concepts of unequivocal electrodynamics and mechanics. In 1904 came the upshot of the atomic structure, more or less of which belonged to the Japanese physicist Nagaoka huntsman Mountains, others - English physicist JJ Thomson.\nNagaoka introduced atomic structure equivalent to the structure of the solar system: the solarize plays a office positively super supercharged central secern of an atom about which the defined ring-shaped orbits move planets - electrons. With small shifts electrons excite the electromagnetic waves.\nIn the Thomson atom positive electrical energy distributed field in which electrons be embedded. In the simplest hydrogen atom the electron is at the center of a positively charged sphere. In many-electron atoms the electrons are arranged on sustainable configurations to Thomson. Thomson believed distributively configured to regard the chemical properties of atoms. He attempted to exempt theoretically the bimestrial system of elements DI Mendeleev. after Bohr pointed out that, since this attempt idea of ​​breakup of electrons in the atom groups became the starting point.\nBut it soon appeared that the stark naked experimental facts disprove the Thomson model and, conversely, tell apart in party favor of the planetary model. These facts were spy by Rutherford. First, we should pock the discovery of nuclear structure of the atom.